How to Study the Bible's Use of the Bible
How to Study the Bible's Use of the Bible Video Lectures by Gary Edward Schnittjer and Matthew S. Harmon is an essential resource aimed at teaching a hermeneutic for understanding the Bible's use of the Bible. Intended for students of both testaments, the series' innovative approach demonstrates how the Old Testament use of Scripture provides resources for the New Testament authors' use of Scripture. Lessons provide students with a clear approach to handling the Bible's use of itself through seven key hermeneutical choices organized into individual video segments. Lessons introduce a hermeneutical choice and provide several examples of the Old Testament use of Old Testament and the New Testament use of Old Testament. The plentiful examples model for students the need to ground hermeneutics in biblical evidence and provide insight into understanding why the Bible's use of the Bible is important.
Session Titles and Runtimes:
0.1 - Introduction: Overview (4 min)
0.2 - Introduction: The Seven Hermeneutical Choices (7 min)
0.3 - Introduction: Definitions (5 min)
1.1 - Sequestered versus Connected: Sequestering the Use of Scripture in the Old Testament (5 min)
1.2 - Sequestered versus Connected: Sequestering the Use of Scripture in the New Testament (7 min)
1.3 - Sequestered versus Connected: The Teachings of Jesus Connect the Use of Scripture in Both Testaments (5 min)
2.1 - Adjusting Meaning and/or Adjusting Context versus Advancement of Revelation: "Jewish" Exegesis in the New Testament (6 min)
2.2 - Adjusting Meaning and/or Adjusting Context versus Advancement of Revelation: Sensus Plenior (5 min)
2.3 - Adjusting Meaning and/or Adjusting Context versus Advancement of Revelation: Advancement of Revelation (6 min)
2.4 - Adjusting Meaning and/or Adjusting Context versus Advancement of Revelation: Case Study of the Use of Hosea 1:1 in Matthew 2:15 (8 min)
3.1 - Detecting Allusions as Art versus Science: Evidence for Allusions (7 min)
3.2 - Detecting Allusions as Art versus Science: Evaluating Evidence for Allusions (7 min)
3.3 - Detecting Allusions as Art versus Science: Exegetical Outcomes (7 min)
4.1 - Horizontal Context versus Vertical Context: Old Testament Use of Old Testament (6 min)
4.2 - Horizontal Context versus Vertical Context: New Testament Use of Old Testament (6 min)
4.3 - Horizontal Context versus Vertical Context: Interpretive Blends (6 min)
5.1 - Biblical versus Extrabiblical Relationships: Priority of Earlier Scripture over Extrabiblical Parallels (5 min)
5.2 - Biblical versus Extrabiblical Relationships: Misunderstood Context of Extrabiblical Parallels (7 min)
5.3 - Biblical versus Extrabiblical Relationships: Sabbath as an Example (8 min)
6.1 - Backward-Looking versus Forward-Looking Typological Patterns: Nature of Typology (9 min)
6.2 - Backward-Looking versus Forward-Looking Typological Patterns: Forward- and Backward-Looking Examples (6 min)
6.3 - Backward-Looking versus Forward-Looking Typological Patterns: Distinguishing Typology from Allegory and Extended Echo Effect (9 min)
7.1 - Historical Exegesis versus Historical and Prosopological Exegesis: Prosopological Exegesis Defined (7 min)
7.2 - Historical Exegesis versus Historical and Prosopological Exegesis: The Case of the Servant (6 min)
7.3 - Historical Exegesis versus Historical and Prosopological Exegesis: The Case of the Son of David (8 min)
8.1 - Responsible Exegesis: A Way of Life (6 min)
8.2 - Responsible Exegesis: Challenges (7 min)
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7Choices - Session 0.1 - Introduction: Overview
This session introduces the authors, explains the importance of the Bible’s use of the Bible, and identifies several challenges to it.
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7Choices - Session 0.2 - Introduction: Seven Hermeneutical Choices
This session overviews the seven hermeneutical choices that inform the study of the Bible’s use of the Bible.
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7Choices - Session 0.3 - Introduction: Definitions
This session defines several key terms such as the Bible’s use of the Bible, use, allusions, exegetical allusions, typological patterns, and revelation.
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7Choices - Session 1.1 - Sequestering the Use of Scripture in the Old Testament
This session explains some of the problems with approaches that sequester the Old Testament unto itself. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Deut. 23:3; Ezek. 44:6‒7, 9; Jer. 9:26.
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7Choices - Session 1.2 - Sequestering the Use of Scripture in the New Testament
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7Choices - Session 1.3 - The Teachings of Jesus Connect the Use of Scripture
This session explains how the teachings of Jesus connect the use of earlier scripture in the Old and New Testaments. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Dan. 7:13‒14, 27; Mark 13:26‒27.
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7Choices - Session 2.1 - "Jewish" Exegesis in the New Testament
This session counters the prevailing view that NT authors depend on Jewish Exegetical techniques (e.g. Hillel’s Rules) and traditions to interpret the OT by showing the presence of these techniques within the OT itself. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Exod. 23:4‒5; Lev. 19:18, 34; Deut....
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7Choices - Session 2.2 - Sensus Plenior
This session explains the difficult concept of sensus plenior and several variations of this view. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Isa. 7:14; Matt. 1:18, 21, 23, 25; 28:20.
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7Choices - Session 2.3 - Advancement of Revelation
This session explains how God advances revelation through the Spirit-inspired interpretation of previous Scripture by later biblical authors. Biblical examples appearing in this video— 2 Sam. 23:1‒2, 5; Jer. 23:5; John 2:17, 22; 14:26.
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7Choices - Session 2.4 - Case Study of the Use of Hosea 11:1 in Matthew 2:15
This session surveys various approaches to this difficult passage. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Hos. 11:1; 12:4‒5; 2 Chr. 36:21; Matt. 2:15.
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7Choices - Session 3.1 - Evidence for Allusions
This session explains several kinds of key evidence that demonstrate the presence of an allusion. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Exod. 3:14; Deut. 15:12; Josh. 7:1, 25; 1 Chr. 2:7; Jer. 34:14; Gal. 1:7, 9; Rev. 1:4–5.
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7Choices - Session 3.2 - Evaluating Evidence for Allusions
This session explains three key categories for evaluating evidence of an allusion. Biblical examples appearing in this video: Lev. 19:1; Deut. 22:9, 11; Ps. 110:1; Heb. 1:3, 13; 8:1; 10:12‒13; 12:2.
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7Choices - Session 3.3 - Exegetical Outcomes
This session explains what an exegetical outcome is and highlights some common ones. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Exod. 13–18; 20:13; Num. 10; 20–21; Deut. 14:28; Amos 4:4; Matt. 5:21–22.
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7Choices - Session 4.1 - Old Testament Use of Old Testament
This session defines horizontal and vertical contexts and demonstrates their significance for studying the OT use of the OT. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Exod. 34:11–16; Num. 22–24; Deut. 7:3–4; 17:17; 23:3, 7; Joshua, Judges, 1–2 Samuel; 1 Kgs. 11:1–4; Neh. 13:23–27.
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7Choices - Session 4.2 - New Testament Use of Old Testament
This session demonstrates the significance of horizontal and vertical contexts for studying the NT use of the OT. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Exod. 23:20‒21; 33:14; Isa. 40:3; Jer. 16:16; Mal. 3:1; 4:5[3:23 H]; Mark 1:1‒3.
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7Choices - Session 4.3 - Interpretive Blends
This session defines and illustrates the significance of interpretive blends for understanding the Bible’s use of the Bible. Biblical examples appearing in this video— Gen. 1:1; Lev. 18:27; Deut. 7:3 23:6; 2 Sam. 7; Ezra 9:10‒12; Ps. 2:7; Prov. 8:27; Isa. 42:1; 53; 56:7; Jer. 7:11; Mark 1:11; 11:16.
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7Choices - Session 5.1 - Priority of Earlier Scripture over Extrabiblical
This session explains the priority of previous Scripture over extrabiblical parallels when studying the Bible’s use of the Bible.
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7Choices - Session 5.2 - Misunderstood Context of Extrabiblical Parallels
This session highlights the danger of misunderstanding the context of an extrabiblical parallel. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Gen. 1:26–27; 2:7; 5:1–2; 1 Cor. 15:45, 49.
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7Choices - Session 5.3 - The Sabbath as an Example
This session explains the priority of previous Scripture over extrabiblical parallels when studying the Bible’s use of the Bible. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Exod. 28:8–11; 34:21; 35:2–3; Deut. 5:12–15; Neh. 13:15; Jer. 17:21–22; Amos 8:5; Luke 6:1–5.
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7Choices - Session 6.1 - The Nature of Typology
This session defines the different elements of typology. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Rom. 5:12–21.
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7Choices - Session 6.2 - Forward- and Backward-Looking Examples
This session demonstrates that typology can be either forward- or backward-looking. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Exod. 12; Deut. 18:18; 1 Cor. 5:7; John 1:29.
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7Choices - Session 6.3 - Distinguishing Typology, Allegory, Extended Echo Effect
This session explains how typology differs from other kinds of analogical correspondence such as allegory and extended echo effect. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Gen. 2:1, 10–14; 49; Ezek. 19; Gal. 4:21–5:1.
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7Choices - Session 7.1 - Prosopological Exegesis Defined
This session defines prosopological exegesis and distinguishes it from its abuses by some scholars. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Ps. 45:6–7; 95; Heb. 1:8; 3–4.
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7Choices - Session 7.2 - The Case of the Servant
This session examines how prosopological exegesis explains the use of Isaiah 53 in Acts 8. Biblical examples appearing in this video—Lev. 6; Isa. 41:8–9; 44:1, 21; 53:7–12; 57:14-21; Acts 8.
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7Choices - Session 7.3 - The Case of the Son of David
This session examines how prosopological exegesis is used in in the citation of Psalm 2:7 in Acts 4:5–27. Biblical examples appearing in this video—2 Sam. 7:12, 14; Ps. 2:1–2, 7; Acts 4:25–27.
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7Choices - Session 8.1 - Responsible Exegesis: A Way of Life
This session explains how studying the Bible’s use of the Bible is part of responsible exegesis and provides both cautions and encouragements to students.
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7Choices - Session 8.2 - Responsible Exegesis: Challenges
This session identifies some of the most challenging areas for students studying the Bible’s use of the Bible and how it is an essential element of biblical theology.